Volcanoes is a geological formations where molten rock (magma), ash, and gases erupt onto the Earth's surface. These eruptions can create mountains, and the types of eruption depends on the magma's composition and gas content. Volcanoes are classified as active, dormant, or extinct, and are often found at tectonic plate boundaries or over mantle plume.

Volcanoes are geological formations where molten rock (magma), ash, and gases erupt onto the Earth's surface. These eruptions can create mountains, and the type of eruption depends on the magma's composition and gas content. Volcanoes are classified as active, dormant, or extinct, and are often found at tectonic plate boundaries or over mantle plume.

Most of the activity is concentrated in a number of distinct earthquake belts; for instance the edge of the Pacific Ocean, or in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. Over 80 per cent of large earthquakes occur around the edges of the Pacific Ocean, an area known as the ‘Ring of Fire’; this where the Pacific plate is being subducted beneath the surrounding plates. The Ring of Fire is the most seismically and volcanically active zone in the world.

The last supervolcano to erupt was 74000 years ago in Indonesia a gigantic volcanic eruption shook the earth. The ash was thrown out 3000km, created global cooling and created a crater larger than the city of London. This super eruption created Lake Toba, 100km long and 50km wide.

Earthquakes are among the most deadly natural hazards. There are around 100 earthquakes each year of a size that could cause serious damage. They strike without warning and many of the Earth’s earthquake zones coincide with areas of high population density. When large earthquakes occur in such areas the results can be catastrophic, with terrible loss of human lives and untold economic cost.

Tsunami is a Japanese word that means 'Harbour Wave'. Approximately 80% of tsunamis happen inside the Pacific Ocean's 'Ring of Fire'. An earthquake or volcano could cause a tsunami. Tsunamis can go about as fast as 500 miles (805 kilometres an hour), nearly the same speed as a jet plane.

Unfortunately, warnings often fail to change people's behavior. Either the warning goes unnoticed, or, as increasingly happens, the warning is seen but ignored.

A natural disaster is the name of any natural hazard associated with a natural hazard such as floods, tornadoes, hurricanes, volcanoes, earthquakes, or catastrophes that affect the environment in such a way that causes natural resources, financial and loss of life.